The Introduction Of Food Hygiene Health Essay

The Introduction Of Food Hygiene Health Essay These days, open are underscore on food cleanliness. There are numerous food contamination cases happen as a result of poor food cleanliness guidelines. Food administration organizations are taking significant job in the best possible cleanliness standard. As Kashif Hussain(2005) expressed that, food cleanliness in a food administration activity is the duty of everybody working in that foundation so as to forestall and diminish the danger of food borne disease. This paper is proposed to examine the relationship of food cleanliness and clients buying practices among TARC Perak Branch Campus understudies. Food cleanliness is essential to each café. Keeping up standard cleanliness in a café may bring about great notoriety and increment eatery table turnover rate. An appropriate cleanliness standard in café may impact clients buying practices. 1.2 Background of examination Kampar is a town which situated in Perak, Malaysia. In the early time, Kampar is a town which rich with tin holds. In the wake of building TAR College and University, the openings for work in Kampar are expanded particularly for food and drink business. Among the eatery business in Kampar, there are some of café proprietor didn't have legitimate cleanliness information or didn't make a difference the sanitation information while working their business. The absence of worry of cleanliness will legitimately influence the soundness of Kampar occupants just as Kampar understudies, for example, food borne sickness. 1.3 Problem Statement Proclamation of issue is to contemplate the connection between food cleanliness and clients buying practices among TARC understudies. Food cleanliness is significant for any food administration industry. Great rehearsing in cleanliness standard can assist with improving the eatery notoriety, clients buying conduct and the most significant issue is diminished the danger of food borne ailment. 1.4 Objectives of the examination The goals in this examination endeavored to accomplish the accompanying: 1. To examine how utilization of HACCP impact the buying conduct among Kampar understudies 2. To examine the connection between food borne ailment and buying conduct among Kampar understudies 1.5 Research Questions 1 Will Application of HACCP impact buying conduct among Kampar understudies? 2. Will factor of food borne ailment impact the buying conduct among Kampar understudies? 1.6 Research Hypothesis 1. Use of HACCP impact the Kampar understudies buying conduct 2. Food borne disease will impact Kampar understudies buying conduct. 1.7 Significance of Research This investigation will be a rule for the café business to comprehend that the significance and use of food cleanliness in an eatery. Other than that, this examination will give chance to individual, who associated with eatery industry to see progressively about food cleanliness, and the correct route during the time spent planning, putting away and serving the nourishments which ok for human utilization. 1.8 Scope and restrictions of exploration This examination is centered around food cleanliness and clients buying conduct. The zone of this examination was in Kampar eatery and TARC Perak Branch Campus understudies are the populace for this exploration. There are a few constraints looked in this exploration. Specialist are confronting issue when discovering diaries to help the exploration theme on the grounds that the greater part of the diary are old. 1.9 Operational Definition of Terms Food Hygiene, dangers, HACCP, Food borne sickness Part 2 Writing Review 2.1 Introduction of food cleanliness Instructive Foundation of the National Restaurant Association (1992) characterizes food cleanliness as the creation and support of empowering or sterile conditions. In a food administration circumstance, the word food cleanliness implies healthy food, dealt with and arranged such that, the food isn't defiled with ailment causing operators. The World Health Organization 2002 expressed that, sanitation is an undeniably significant general medical problem and deficient sanitation control was a key supporter of the 2.1 million passings from diarrhoeal malady all inclusive in 2000. Keyvan Amjadi (2005), yearly gauges for industrialized nations show that there are up to 30% of the populaces are influenced by food borne sickness every year. Kashif Hussain(2005) expressed, food cleanliness in a food administration activity is the duty of everybody working in that foundation. Legitimate food cleanliness is known as invigorating, clean and security condition, and lovely working conditions. Sau nders (1991) expressed that, everyone must eat to endure and sanitation is viewed as essential to buyers. Mossel (1992) add on that, an inconsistency between therapeutically recognized dangers and sanitation chances as apparent by the buyer. Shapman and Shapman,(1992), Waites and Arbuthnott, (1991) add on that, numerous instances of food contamination happen because of inability to control development of pathogens in nourishments, however with due determination at all phases in the natural pecking order this is to a great extent preventable 2.2 Definition of food cleanliness The World Health Organization (2006) characterize food cleanliness as all conditions and measures important to guarantee the security and appropriateness of food at all phases of the natural pecking order. Malcolm Tatum (2012), foodâ hygiene is utilized to depict the capacity and planning of nourishments so as to ensure that, foodâ is alright for human utilization. Malcolm Tatum (2012) includes, food cleanliness is typically alludes rehearses at an individual or family status, though the food sanitation ordinarily alludes to kinds of systems at the business level inside theâ food industry. Malcolm Tatum (2012) likewise makes reference to that there are a few stages are should have been accentuation and follow in like manner so as to keep up the food cleanliness. The means should be concern are incorporated washing hands before handlingâ food, legitimate capacity ofâ foodâ before use, ensure that all serving dishes are perfect and liberated from contaminants while setting up the food and finally keeping up a spotless situation. 2.3 HACCP Eunice Taylor, (2008) characterize Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) as a hazard based administration framework which intended for guarantee the microbiological wellbeing of food fabricated for use in the United Stated kept an eye on space missions of the 1960s. Eunice Taylor (2008) add on that, HACCP has become the globally perceived arrangement of overseeing sanitation and its utilization has been reached out to control the full scope of natural, substance and physical dangers since that time. BenEmbarek (2002) characterize HACCP as a development in present day innovation, delivering wellbeing food and keeping it security stays an overall general medical issue with disease brought about by the utilization of sullied food portrayed as the most across the board medical issue now a days. Codex (1997) expressed that, the frameworks of the HACCP building square are created through use of the globally concurred HACCP Principles. Motarjemi (1999) and Kaferstein (1999) express ed that, the HACCP framework will assist with keeping from food borne ailment flare-ups just in the event that it is comprehended and applied it effectively. Motarjemi (1999) and Kaferstein (1999) add on, there are not many records of food borne disease flare-ups in which a food organization working with full responsibility and comprehension of the HACCP framework has been included. Motarjemi(1999) and Kaferstein (1999) accentuation that, food-borne disease would not happen if HACCP framework is applied effectively. While Motarjemi and Kaferstein (1999) contend with this perspective and expressed that positive outcomes might be normal when the HACCP framework has been applied accurately, it is likewise important to build up methods of estimating HACCP adequacy that are not founded exclusively on review investigation of episode information. 2.4 Food borne sickness Joined Stated Food and Drug Administration (2000) found that most of food borne ailments can be cause to five hazard factors which included deficient cooking, food from hazardous sources, ill-advised holding temperatures, poor individual cleanliness and debased gear. By and large the causes to food borne sicknesses can be isolated into three particular classes of perils, which included organic, compound, and physical. Instructive Foundation of the National Restaurant Association (1992) characterizes the three classes of peril. From the wellsprings of Educational Foundation of the National Restaurant Association (1992), Biological danger is characterized as infections, unsafe microbes, parasites or growths. While for synthetic peril, Educational Foundation of the National Restaurant Association (1992) characterized this term as tainting of food with food administration synthetic concoctions and compound substances containing in food. For physical risk, is nearness of remote thing that shouldn't be a piece of a food item. Knight and Lendal (1989) call attention to some basic offenses of food dealing with in social blunders and driving activity that can prompt episodes of food borne diseases in food and refreshment tasks. The basic offenses that Knight and Lendal (1989) called attention to included inability to appropriately cook, warm or cool nourishments to legitimate temperatures, nourishments arranged ahead of time or over a day prior to serving, crude sullied fixings fused into food sources that get no further cooking, food permitted to stay at microbes hatching temperatures and finally representatives who practice poor individual cleanliness, 2.5 Proper treatment of food NHMRC (2003) said that, legitimate treatment of food during all phases of its readiness and capacity is factor in diminishing the danger of food borne ailment. (Redmond and Griffith, 2003) concur with this perspective and extra, an efficient audit of sanitation considers distinguished that customer normally execute risky food-taking care of practices during household food arrangement. Jay et al. (1999) and Jevsnik et al. (2008) have done a perception examination and discovered that ill-advised and rare hand-washing methods are regular in Australian fo

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 179

Exposition Example The media’s commitment to minimized gatherings and their political strengthening to know their privileges and battle for them has given such gatherings a voice that they didn't have previously (Turner, 2000). The underestimated gatherings might be abused however when the media gets them through correspondence utilizing recordings and tapes their situation is in the long run known all through the world. Their lifestyle is in the long run known, and individuals can identify with them as per the manner in which they are without making a decision about them cruelly. Complex correspondence in social orders has been an issue that is critical. The mind boggling bunches have been dove into to discover how they speak with one another where they way they talk has been taped further the conditions of the separate dialects (Cody, 2009; Inoue, 1996). The convergence of behind the stage work is significant in understanding the greater thought, which includes the enormous group’s connections. In this way the interchanges between the different underestimated should be dissected in a reasonable way particularly their assertion utilization to decide whether they are near the bigger gatherings that are progressively assorted in their correspondences since they have collaborated with numerous different gatherings. The unique, accordingly, convey extraordinary and have their own political however not traditional as the bigger groupings have. Hence carrying them to a shared opinion is in significant. CODY, F. R. A. N. C. I. S. (August 01, 2009). Engraving SUBJECTS TO CITIZENSHIP: Petitions, Literacy Activism, and the Performativity of Signature in Rural Tamil India. Social Anthropology, 24, 3, 347-380.

2015 Parent Post - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2015 Parent Post - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2015 Parent Post Every year we try to open a post aimed at answering questions from parents. We want to educate parents about the UGA admissions process and dispel myths and rumors that may be floating around high schools, neighborhoods and communities. We recently sent an email out to students regarding the First Year application opening and letting them know about our blog, so hopefully they have already started doing more research on our admissions process, but now we want to hear from you, the parents. With the 2015 First Year application now open and fall travel beginning, our office is about to get even busier, so now is the time to ask us questions. Parents, what would you like to know? Please post your questions through the comment option and we will try to respond as quickly as possible. Go Dawgs! P.S. A good resource as you start this process is the Top 10 UGA Admissions Urban Legends site.

Abraham Lincoln s Boyhood Home From The Age Of 7

Indiana, Abraham Lincoln’s boyhood home from the age of 7 to 21, has memorialized our 16th president with two statues in its capital city of Indianapolis. Both statues were controversial from the beginning whether because of the amount of money it would take to pay for them or their placement. The first statue was erected in 1934 and simply entitled Abraham Lincoln. This statue was funded by a trust fund established by Henry C. Long, a wealthy lumberman to be used after his wife’s death, the trust fund was said to have $10,000-$25,000 in it. Long’s stipulation was that with this money a statue honoring Lincoln would be built in the southeast corner of University Park. Architects of the park were hesitant to include the statue because it would â€Å"spoil the artistic symmetry of the park.† Finally, the Judge Smiley N. Chambers ordered the statue to be put up and granted the city access to the fund that housed the $16,800 it would cost to build the statue. The man who was commissioned to sculpt the statue was Henry Hering of New York. Henry had done some statuary work previously in the memorial shrine in the park. His work upon the memorial is entitled Pro Patria, and when it was erected in 1929 it was the largest bronze cast in the United States. Hering had studied and worked with Augustus Saint-Gaudens another prominent sculptor at the time. The statue was unveiled during the Army day program in 1935. The program was â€Å"expected to attract thousands to see the nation’sShow MoreRelatedwisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 PagesWisdom in Europe: Some Highlights 5 Renaissance Humor: Erasmus, Rabelais, Cervantes, Shakespeare 5 Two European Russians: Anton Chekhov and Vladimir Soloviev 9 Reflections on Humor from Nietzsche to the Theatre of the Absurd 12 Humor and Wisdom in the United States: Lincoln, Beecher, Twain, Sandburg, and Buchwald 17 From The Times (of London) obituary on him (January 19, 2007) that mentioned his â€Å"wit and wisdom† in its title, available at http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article1294342Read MoreWalts Whitmans Vision of America in Leaves of Grass17685 Words   |  71 PagesWalt†©Whitman’s†©vision†©of†©America†©in†©Leaves†©of†©Grass†© †© Contents†© I. †© Introduction†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†©4†© Starting†©point†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†©4†© Short†©biography†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†©5†© Historical†©context†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†©7†© Thematic†©analysis†©of†©poems†© a. Beauty†©of†©the†©country†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†©8†© b. Democracy†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†©17†© c. War†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†©25†© d. Future†©generations†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†©34†© †© II. †© III. †© IV. †© V.

Fidel Castro Led The Cuban Revolution - 1106 Words

For centuries, Cuba s greatest resource has been its people. - Pico Iyer Nearly fifty-five years ago, an embargo was placed on Cuba, halting all trade between the two countries. Fidel Castro led the Cuban Revolution, which began in July of 1953, leading to their victory and the previous leader, Fulgencio Batista, surrendering from his position. Castro was an American friend and had gained a great deal of support from Cuban citizens with his promises to restore basic, essential liberties. Castro later began to stray from these promises, starting by nationalizing American businesses within Cuba following by presenting anti-American behavior. In 1960, he initiated talks with the Soviet Union and began to progress toward communism, leading to America creating the embargo in 1961. The embargo was mainly put in place to contain the spread of communism to other South American countries. The terms to lift the embargo included, the discontinuation of their communist ways and move toward democracy, and to improve the freedom of the individuals whom live on the isla nd. These have both yet to have happened, yet fifty-four years later, the embargo is still firmly in place. Lifting the embargo can fix issues related to the Cuban people, it can bring countless trade opportunities, and it can push for positive changes in Cuba. Therefore, the United States should lift the embargo on Cuba. In light of the Cuban embargo, it is easy to see that it is hurting the citizens of Cuba. CubansShow MoreRelatedFidel Castro Led The Cuban Revolution934 Words   |  4 PagesNearly fifty-five years ago, an embargo was placed on Cuba, halting all trade between the two countries. Fidel Castro led the Cuban Revolution, which began in July of 1953, leading to their victory and the previous leader, Fulgencio Batista, being driven out of his position. 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However, Castro andRead MoreThis Chapter Will Serve To Outline The Cuban Revolution1310 Words   |  6 PagesThis chapter will serve to outline the Cuban revolution and its impact on social movements in Latin America and around the world. The two key leaders of the Cuban Revolution was Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Their rhetoric is still regarded as inspiration to many around the world. This chapter will look at their goals and mobilization of the Cuban Revolution with emphasis on the importance of their discourse. The symbolism of Che Guevara that the revolution brought to the forefront of the imaginationsRead MoreFidel Castro Is Alive1443 Words   |  6 Pages Upon his release, Castro went to Mexico where he spent the next year organizing the 26th of July Movement, which was based on the date of the failed Santiago de Cuba barracks attack. On December 2, 1956, Castro and the rest his fellow rebels of the 26th of July Movement landed on Cuban soil with the intention of starting a revolution. They were only met with the welcome of heavy Batista defenses, causing nearly everyone in the Movement to be killed. Barely anyone escaped, and those who did whichRead MoreRevolution Is Not A Bed Of Roses2053 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Revolution is not a bed of roses. Revolution is a battle between the future and the past,† spoken by Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz, on January 5, 1961 at Havana. Revolution is a strife Castro is very familiar with, especially the Cuban Revolution where he played a main part in that â€Å"battle between the future and the past†. Other than Fidel Castro, Fulgencio Batista also played a substantial role in the Cu ban Revolution. Furthermore, the U.S. relations with Batista and Castro, as well as Batista’s priorRead MoreCub A Political Leader Of Cuba1707 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A revolution is a struggle to the death between the future and the past.† Fidel Castro has had a tremendous impact on Cuba. Castro was a political leader of Cuba (1959–2008) who transformed his country into the first communist state in the Western Hemisphere. Castro became a symbol of communist revolution in Latin America. Before Fidel Castro took rein Cuba was the island of sin, a society consumed by the illnesses, gambling, the Mafia, and prostitution. In 1969 Cuba changed drastically, but stillRead MoreFidel Castro : Hero Or Villain1323 Words   |  6 PagesFidel Castro a Hero or Villain The time of the Cuban Revolution was a great deal of turmoil, not just in Cuba but in almost every corner of the world. It was 1945, shortly after the end of World War Two, the Cold War was taking off between the United States and the Soviet Union. Cuba, in the middle of its own war, was caught up in the international politics of the Cold War. The interaction between international and domestic politics played a major role in the outcome of the revolution. The resultRead MoreLa Historia Me Absolvera also known as History Will Absolve Me1112 Words   |  5 PagesThe time of the Cuban Revolution involved a great deal of turmoil for Cuba as well as other countries around the world. In 1945, shortly after the end of World War II, the Cold War was taking off between the United States and the Soviet Union.1 Cuba was in the middle of its own war, the revolution, when they caught up in the international politics of the Cold War. The interaction between international and domestic politics p layed a major role in the outcome of the revolution. The result of theRead MoreFidel Castro And The Cuban Revolution1367 Words   |  6 PagesOn January 8th, 1959, Fidel Castro and his rebel army marched triumphantly into Havana, Cuba, having overthrown corrupt dictator Fulgencio Batista the week earlier. It was the fruition of the Cuban Revolution, and the dramatic shift in power was about to radically alter the country’s political, social and economic course forever. The positive and negative effects of the revolution on the Cuban people, however, as well as the condition of Cuba’s economy pre and post-revolution, is subject to heatedRead MoreFidel1450 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership - Assignment Fidel Castro is one of the most recognizable leaders in world history. He led Cuba as Prime Minister and, subsequently, as President for almost fifty years. He was born and raised upper-middle class as his father was a very successful farmer and did quite well for himself and his family. There were several key events that led to Castro’s rise as a powerful leader and shaped him into the man who successfully led the Cuban revolution. First of all, although he benefited

The Indigo Spell Chapter Fourteen Free Essays

SUNDAY ROLLED AROUND, and the day started off quietly. We were nearing the point when Veronica might strike again, and my stomach was in knots over what her next step would be . . We will write a custom essay sample on The Indigo Spell Chapter Fourteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now . and how stuck we were on how to stop her. Then I received help from an unexpected source when my phone rang with an unknown number on the display. Normally, I wouldn’t answer something like that, but my life was hardly normal these days. Besides, it was a Los Angeles area code. â€Å"Hello?† â€Å"Hi! Is this Taylor?† It took me a moment to remember my secret identity. I did not, however, recall giving my actual number to any of the girls we’d warned about Veronica. â€Å"Yes,† I said warily. â€Å"This is Alicia, from Old World Bed-and-Breakfast.† â€Å"Hi,† I said, still puzzled as to why and how she’d be calling me. Her voice was as cheery and bright as when we’d met her. â€Å"I wanted to know if you’d thought any more about getting a room for your anniversary.† â€Å"Oh, well . . . that. We’re still deciding. But, uh, probably we’re going to go with something closer to the coast. You know, romantic beach walks and all that.† â€Å"I can totally understand,† she said, though she sounded disappointed at the loss of a sale. â€Å"If you change your mind, just let me know. We’re running a special this month, so you could get the Bunny Suite at a really good price. I remember you saying it reminded you of your pet rabbit. What was his name?† â€Å"Hopper,† I said flatly. â€Å"Hopper! That’s right. Such a sweet name.† â€Å"Yeah, awesome.† I tried to think of a polite way to phrase my next question but simply chose directness. â€Å"Look, Alicia, how did you get this number?† â€Å"Oh, Jet gave it to me.† â€Å"He did?† â€Å"Yup.† She’d apparently gotten over her disappointment and now sounded bright and chirpy again. â€Å"He filled out an info card while you guys were here and put down your number.† I nearly groaned. Typical. â€Å"Good to know,† I said. I wondered how often Adrian gave my number out. â€Å"Thanks for following up.† â€Å"Happy to. Oh!† She giggled. â€Å"I nearly forgot. Your friend is back.† I froze. â€Å"What?† â€Å"Veronica. She checked back in yesterday.† My first reaction was excitement. My second one was panic. â€Å"Did you tell her we were asking about her?† â€Å"Oh, no. I remembered you saying you wanted to surprise her.† I nearly sank in relief. â€Å"Thank you. We, uh, wouldn’t to ruin that. We’ll have to stop by and visit – but don’t tell her.† â€Å"You can count on me!† We disconnected, and I stared at the phone. Veronica was back. Just when we thought we’d lost all leads on her. I immediately called Ms. Terwilliger but was sent to voice mail. I left a message and then followed up with a text, saying I had urgent news. My phone rang again, just as I was about to call Adrian. I almost hoped Alicia had more to tell me, but then I saw that it was Stanton’s number. After first taking a deep breath, I tried to answer in as calm a way as possible. â€Å"Miss Sage,† she said. â€Å"I received your message yesterday.† â€Å"Yes, ma’am. Thank you for calling me back.† I’d called her yesterday, just before meeting up with Adrian. Ms. Terwilliger’s magical training had taken priority at the time, but I hadn’t forgotten my deal with Marcus. â€Å"I have a, um, favor to ask,† I continued. Stanton, who was rarely surprised, was clearly surprised now. â€Å"You’re certainly entitled to ask . . . but you’re just not usually the type who does.† â€Å"I know, and I feel bad. So, if you have to say no, I understand.† In truth, if she said no, I would have a number of problems on my hands, but it was best not to sound too eager. â€Å"Well, I’ve been thinking about how I have to spend Christmas here – with the Moroi. And I definitely understand that, ma’am. It’s part of the mission, but . . . well, I’d be lying if I said that didn’t bother me. So, I was wondering if there’s any way at all I’d be allowed to go to one of the big holiday services. It would make me feel . . . oh, I don’t know. More connected. Purified, even. I’m just always surrounded by them here, by that taint, you know? I feel like I can’t even breathe half the time. That probably sounds ridiculous.† I cut my rambling off. When Marcus had first suggested taking advantage of knowing someone in St. Louis, I’d immediately thought of Ian. Then I realized that wasn’t enough. Alchemists on assignment couldn’t just ask for casual time off to visit friends. Time off for something more spiritual and group-oriented – say, the Alchemists’ annual holiday services – was a different matter. Lots of Alchemists were given clearance to travel and attend those services. They were tied to our faith and group unity. In fact, Ian had even brought it up at the wedding in the hopes of luring me to visit him. Little had he known his trick would pay off. Kind of. â€Å"It doesn’t sound that ridiculous,† Stanton said. That was promising, and I tried to unclench my fist and relax. â€Å"I was thinking maybe I could go before we’re out for winter break,† I added. â€Å"Jill can stay within the confines of the school, so there shouldn’t be too much risk. And Eddie and Angeline are always with her. I could just hop over to St. Louis for a quick weekend trip.† â€Å"St. Louis?† I could almost see her frown through the phone. â€Å"There are services in Phoenix as well. That would be much closer.† â€Å"I know, ma’am. It’s just. . . .† I hoped being genuinely nervous would help me sound convincing. â€Å"I, uh, was hoping I could also see Ian again.† â€Å"Ah. I see.† There was a long pause. â€Å"I find that more surprising than you wanting to attend services. From what I saw at the wedding, you didn’t seem to be that charmed by Mr. Jansen.† So. I’d been right that Stanton had noticed his crush on me. However, she’d also noticed I didn’t return his affection. She was observant, even to little details, which brought Marcus’s warnings back to me, about how the Alchemists paid attention to everything we did. I started to understand his fears and why he pulled his recruits out of the Alchemists so quickly Was I already attracting attention? Were all the little things I did – even asking for this – slowly building a case against me? Again, I hoped my anxiety simply made me sound like a flustered, love-struck girl, one Stanton would feel sorry for and shake her head over. St. Louis wasn’t that much farther away by plane, and the end result was the same. â€Å"Well, that was business, ma’am. I didn’t want to get distracted from our goal.† â€Å"Of course.† Her next pause was only a few seconds long, but it felt like an hour. â€Å"Well, I see no reason why you can’t go. You’ve done an admirable job in your work, and – from a personal point of view – I can understand why you’d want to be with familiar faces again. You’ve spent more time with the Moroi than many Alchemists ever will in their lives, and you didn’t hesitate when that Ivashkov pushed himself onto you at the wedding.† I didn’t really hesitate when he pushed himself onto me at the sorority, either. Or did I push myself on him? â€Å"Thank you, ma’am.† She authorized me to go next weekend and said I could use Alchemist funds to book my travel arrangements. When we got off the phone, I contemplated calling Ian but then decided on a more impersonal approach. I jotted out a quick email telling him that I’d be in town and that I hoped we could meet up. After a few moments of thought, I then texted Marcus: Arrangements made. Lunchtime came around, and Eddie texted to ask if I could meet Jill and him in my dorm’s cafeteria. I headed downstairs at the appropriate time and found a glum Eddie sitting by himself at a table. I wondered where Angeline was and noted he hadn’t mentioned her in his text. Rather than bring that up, I focused on who he had mentioned. â€Å"Where’s Jill?† He nodded toward the opposite side of the cafeteria. I followed his gaze and saw Jill standing near a table, laughing and talking. She held a tray and looked as though she’d been stopped on her way back from the food line. Micah and some other guys were at the table, and I was happy to see he did indeed seem comfortable with being her friend again. â€Å"That’s nice,† I said, turning back to my own food. â€Å"I’m glad she’s getting along with everyone.† Eddie stared at me in amazement. â€Å"Don’t you see what’s going on?† I’d been about to bite into an apple and stopped. I hated these kinds of loaded questions. They meant I’d missed out on some social subtlety – something that wasn’t my strong suit. Glancing back at Jill, I tried to make my best guess. â€Å"Is Micah trying to get back together with her?† â€Å"Of course not,† said Eddie, like I should’ve known. â€Å"He’s going out with Claire Cipriano now.† â€Å"Sorry. I can’t keep track of everyone’s dating lives. I’ll add it to my to-do list after, you know, busting Alchemist conspiracies and finding out whether the Warriors are after Jill.† Eddie’s gaze was locked on Jill, and he nodded, making me think he hadn’t actually heard a word I’d said. â€Å"Travis and Juan want to ask her out.† â€Å"So? She learned her lesson about human and vampire dating.† I wished I had. â€Å"She’ll tell them no.† â€Å"They still shouldn’t be bothering her,† he growled. Jill didn’t seem to be particularly bothered by their attention. In fact, I liked seeing her bright and smiling for a change. Confidence suited her and emphasized her royal status, and she clearly was enjoying whatever banter was going on. One thing I’d learned in my social education was that flirting wasn’t the same thing as going out with someone. My friend Julia was an expert at the difference. If it made Jill happy, I certainly had no problems with it. Honestly, it looked like the person who was most bothered by Jill’s suitors was Eddie. He theoretically had the excuse of wanting to protect her, but this seemed pretty personal. I decided to bring him back to his own romantic life, the one he should actually be concerned about. â€Å"Where’s Angeline?† Jill began walking toward us. Looking relieved, Eddie turned back to me. â€Å"Well, that’s what we wanted to talk to you about.† Whenever anyone wanted to talk to me, it meant something weird was about to happen. Actual emergency issues were never given an introduction. They were just delivered immediately. This premeditated stuff was a wild card. â€Å"What’s going on?† I asked once Jill sat down. â€Å"With Angeline?† She exchanged a knowing glance with Eddie. â€Å"We think Angeline’s up to something,† she said. A moment later, she clarified, â€Å"Something bad.† Not this again. I turned to Eddie. â€Å"Is she still being distant?† â€Å"Yeah. She had lunch with us yesterday.† He frowned. â€Å"But she was acting weird. She wouldn’t explain why she’s been so busy.† Jill concurred. â€Å"She actually got really upset the more we kept questioning her. It was strange. I think she’s in some kind of trouble.† I leaned back in my chair. â€Å"The kind of trouble Angeline gets into is usually spontaneous and unexpected. You’re talking like she’s masterminding something in secret. That’s not her style. At worst, she’s harboring an illicit wardrobe.† Eddie looked like he wanted to smile but couldn’t quite manage it. â€Å"True.† Jill apparently wasn’t convinced. â€Å"You have to talk to her. Find out what’s going on.† â€Å"Can’t you talk to her?† I asked, looking between their faces. â€Å"You live with her.† â€Å"We tried,† protested Jill. â€Å"I told you. She just got mad the more we talked.† â€Å"Well, I can understand that,† I snapped. â€Å"Look, I’m sorry something weird is going on with her. And I don’t want her in trouble, believe me. But there’s only so much hand-holding I can do with her. I fixed her math problem. My job is to make sure she stays in school and doesn’t blow your cover. Everything else is extraneous, and I just don’t have time for that. And if she wouldn’t talk to you, why on earth do you think she’d talk to me?† I’d spoken a bit more harshly than I intended. I really did care about them all. I also didn’t want trouble in the group. Nonetheless, it was always a little frustrating when they came to me with dramas like this, as though I were their mother. They were some of the smartest, most competent people I knew. They didn’t need me, and Angeline was no criminal genius. Figuring out her motives couldn’t be that difficult. Neither one of them had an immediate response for me. â€Å"You just always seem to get through to people,† Jill said at last. â€Å"You’re good at communication.† That certainly wasn’t a compliment I heard very often. â€Å"I don’t do anything special. I’m just persistent. Keep trying, and maybe you’ll get through.† Seeing Jill start to protest, I added, â€Å"Please. Don’t ask me to do this right now. You both know I’ve got a lot going on.† I gave each of them a meaningful look. Both knew about Marcus, and Jill also knew about Ms. Terwilliger’s sister. After a few moments, that knowledge set in, and they both looked a little embarrassed. Eddie gave Jill a gentle nudge. â€Å"She’s right. We should keep working on Angeline ourselves.† â€Å"Okay,† said Jill. My relief was short-lived. â€Å"We’ll try a little more. Then, if it still doesn’t work, Sydney can step in.† I groaned. When I parted ways from them later, I couldn’t help but think again about Marcus’s comments in San Bernardino about how Alchemists got caught up in menial tasks. I tried to reassure myself that Jill and Eddie would take care of this on their own, meaning I wouldn’t actually have to intervene. Presuming, of course, Angeline really wasn’t planning something catastrophic. Unfortunately, those doubts were soon shaken when I got on the shuttle that would take me to main campus. On weekends, there was only one bus that looped between all buildings, and this one had just picked up at the boys’ dorm. I found Trey sitting in it, staring out the window with a happy expression. When he saw me, his smile vanished. â€Å"Hey,† I said, taking a seat beside him. He actually looked nervous. â€Å"Off to study?† â€Å"Meeting with Angeline, actually.† There was no escaping her today, but at least if she was working on math, it seemed unlikely she’d be staging a coup or committing arson. His troubled expression concerned me, though. â€Å"She . . . she didn’t hit you again?† I didn’t see any noticeable marks, but with her, you could never tell. â€Å"Huh? No, no. Not recently.† He hesitated before speaking again. â€Å"Melbourne, how long are you going to need me to do this?† â€Å"I don’t know.† Mostly I’d been focusing on getting her through the present, not the future. One thing at a time. â€Å"She’ll have her final coming up before break. If she passes, then I guess you’re home free. Unless you want to keep up with it after break – I mean, provided she doesn’t wear you out.† This startled him a lot more than I would have expected. â€Å"Okay. Good to know.† He looked so forlorn when he left to go to the library that I wondered if those chemistry answers had really been worth it. I liked Trey. I’d never thought inflicting Angeline on him would so radically alter his life. I guessed that was just the kind of effect she had on the world. I watched him walk away for a few more seconds and then turned toward the science building. One of the teachers, Ms. Whittaker, was an amateur botanist who was always happy to supply Ms. Terwilliger with various plants and herbs. She thought Ms. Terwilliger used them for home craft projects, like potpourri and candles, and I frequently had to pick up the latest supplies. When I walked into her classroom today, Ms. Whittaker was grading exams at her desk. â€Å"Hi, Sydney,† she said, barely looking up. â€Å"I set it all over there, on the far counter.† â€Å"Thanks, ma’am.† I walked over and was surprised to practically find a spice cabinet. Ms. Terwilliger had requested all sorts of leaves, stems, and clippings. It was the most I’d ever had to pick up for her. â€Å"She sure had a big order this time,† Ms. Whittaker remarked, as though sensing my thoughts. â€Å"Is she really using garlic in potpourri?† â€Å"Oh, that’s for some, um, cooking she’s doing. You know, holidays and all.† She nodded and returned to her work. One thing that often helped in Alchemist affairs (and witch ones) was that people rarely expected supernatural reasons for weird behaviors and phenomena. I almost considered visiting Trey and Angeline at the library, just to assess her behavior myself, but decided it’d be better to not get involved. Eddie and Jill would handle it. With nothing else to do, I dared to hope I might actually just be able to stay inside and read today. But, when I returned to my dorm, I was greeted with the astonishing sight of Marcus sitting outside on a bench, playing an acoustic guitar. A group of four girls stood around, listening in awe. I walked up to the circle, my arms crossed over my chest. â€Å"Really?† I asked. Marcus glanced up and shot me a grin. One of the girls actually cooed. â€Å"Hey, Sydney.† Four sets of eyes turned to me, displaying a mix of both disbelief and jealousy. â€Å"Hey,† I said. â€Å"You’re the last person I expected to see here.† â€Å"I never do what’s predictable.† He tossed his hair back and started to put his guitar back in its case. â€Å"Sorry, girls. Sydney and I have to talk.† I got more of those stares, which kind of annoyed me. Was it really that unbelievable that a good-looking guy would want to talk to me? His followers dispersed reluctantly, and Marcus and I strolled around the grounds. â€Å"Aren’t you supposed to be in hiding?† I asked. â€Å"Not panhandling with your guitar?† â€Å"I never asked them for money. Besides, I’m incognito today.† He tapped his cheek, and I noticed the tattoo was barely noticeable. â€Å"Are you wearing makeup?† I asked. â€Å"Don’t judge,† he said. â€Å"It lets me move around more freely. Sabrina helped color match me.† We came to a halt in a relatively private copse of trees. â€Å"So why are you here? Why didn’t you call or text?† â€Å"Because I have a delivery.† He reached into his shirt pocket and handed me a folded piece of paper that looked like it had traveled around the world before reaching me. When I opened it and managed to smooth it out, I saw several painstakingly drawn diagrams. I jerked my gaze back to him. â€Å"Wade’s floor plans.† â€Å"As promised.† A little of that self-satisfaction faded, and he actually looked impressed. â€Å"You’ve really got a way to get to St. Louis?† â€Å"Sanctioned and everything,† I said. â€Å"I mean, aside from the part where I break into their servers. But I’ve got a few ideas on how to pull that off.† He laughed. â€Å"Of course you do. I won’t bother asking. Every girl’s got her secrets. Maybe someday you’ll share yours.† From the tone of his voice, he might have been talking about non-professional secrets. â€Å"Once this is all over.† â€Å"Is it ever over?† I asked. I meant it as a joke, but it came out sounding a bit more melancholy than I would’ve liked. He gave me a long, level look. â€Å"No, not really. But getting the tattoo sealed in Mexico is kind of fun. I hope you’ll go with us. At the very least, we can take in some beaches and margaritas while undoing insidious magic. Do you own a bikini?† â€Å"No. And I don’t drink.† â€Å"Well, maybe one of these days we could go out for coffee. I know you drink that.† â€Å"I’m pretty busy,† I said, thinking of everything weighing on me. â€Å"And you know, I also haven’t decided if I’m going to do the first phase of tattoo breaking.† â€Å"You should, Sydney.† He was all business again and tapped my cheek. â€Å"If nothing else, do that. Don’t let them have any more control over you than they have to. I know you think we’re a little out there, but this is one thing we’re absolutely serious about.† â€Å"Hi, Sydney.† I glanced over and saw my friend Julia Cavendish carrying a huge stack of books. A couple seconds later, Marcus looked up at her too. Her eyes went wide, and she stumbled and dropped everything she was carrying. She flushed. â€Å"Oh, God. I’m such an idiot.† I started to help her, but Marcus was by her side in a flash, his movie star grin firmly in place. â€Å"Happens to the best of us. I’m Dave.† â€Å"J-Julia,† she said. In all the time I’d known her, I’d never seen her flustered around a guy. She usually ate them for breakfast. â€Å"There we are.† He handed her the books, all neatly stacked. â€Å"Thank you. Thank you so much. You didn’t have to do that. I mean, it was my own fault. I’m not usually that clumsy. And I’m sure you’re busy. You must have lots to do. Obviously.† I’d also never heard Julia ramble. Marcus patted her on the back, and I thought she might pass out. â€Å"Always happy to help a beautiful damsel in distress.† He nodded in my direction. â€Å"I’ve got to go. Sydney, I’ll be in touch.† I nodded back. As soon as he walked away, Julia dropped the books again and hurried over to me. â€Å"Sydney, you have to tell me who that is.† â€Å"He already did. Dave.† â€Å"Yes, but who is he?† She gripped my arm and seemed on the verge of shaking answers out of me. â€Å"Just a guy I know.† I thought about it more. â€Å"A friend, I guess.† Her breath caught. â€Å"You guys aren’t – I mean – â€Å" â€Å"What? No! Why would you think that?† â€Å"Well, he’s gorgeous,† she said, as though that were enough to make us soul mates. â€Å"Don’t you want to just rip his clothes off?† â€Å"Whoa, no way.† â€Å"Really?† She scrutinized me, like I might be joking. â€Å"Not even a little?† â€Å"Nope.† She stepped back and started picking up her books. â€Å"Jeez, Syd. I don’t know what to think of you sometimes. I mean, I’m glad he’s available – he is available, right? – but I’d be all over that if I were you.† Jill’s words came back to me, about how he was human and had â€Å"that rebel Alchemist† thing going for him. Maybe I should start considering him or another ex-Alchemist as a romantic option. Having someone who wasn’t a forbidden vampire in my life would make things a lot easier. I tried to dredge up the same reaction other girls had around Marcus, but nothing happened. No matter how hard I tried, I just didn’t have that same attraction. His hair was too blond, I decided. And his eyes needed a little more green. â€Å"Sorry,† I told Julia. â€Å"Just not feeling it.† â€Å"If you say so. I still think you’re crazy. That’s the kind of guy you’d follow to hell and back.† All romantic musings disappeared, and I felt a sinking feeling in my stomach as we slowly headed back toward the dorm. Hell was a good analogy for what I would be walking into. â€Å"You actually might be closer to the truth on that than you realize.† She brightened. â€Å"See? I knew you couldn’t resist.† How to cite The Indigo Spell Chapter Fourteen, Essay examples

Thats Embarassing free essay sample

I am officially turning into my mom. As she sings those happy tunes, most of which are made up, as she imitates silly characters or makes up her own funny nicknames and phrases, as she looks out the window and talks to squirrels, as she â€Å"eeks† and squeals over something exciting, I realize that I do all of the same things! People always say you carry traits of each of your parents, but they [people] never say that eventually you become your mother’s or father’s clone. I think I’m beginning to. While my mom cooks, you can hear her making up songs, such as, â€Å"where is the pepper†¦lala†¦yuuu huuu, Lalithaaaa, Rossin’ Bossin’, Meeeghann, Shaaaan, come and eat my little bears!† This is all done in a range of pitches and tunes. I tend to make up my own songs as well. â€Å"Gotta studyyy, hummm, hummm, where is my baaack pack,† or even â€Å"come oooon green light! Gotta go, gotta go, gotta goo†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Again, different tunes, different pitches, we both like to sing and hum to our own little jingles. We will write a custom essay sample on Thats Embarassing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Of course, I generally can sing pretty well, and we always joke around and wonder from which parent I received this trait. My mom has always thrown in wacky phrases here and there, and given us silly nicknames she calls us while out and about or at home. â€Å"Lalitha Balitha Kalitha!† I mean, really? Do not forget the famous, â€Å"Chuckles the Clown,† because let me tell you, he â€Å"is coming to town!† My â€Å"mamma bear† makes these up off the top of her head and just blurts them out. Actually, my whole family does, but the point is I know everyone can hear our conversations. How embarrassing. We’ve even gone out to the movies as a family and situations like this occur. I wonder why we do not go out anymore†¦just kidding. But, have you ever had your mom and/or dad stand up in the movie theatre, waving their arms loudly and proudly, indication that we [us kids] are sitting up there with them? Have you ever not heard what the movie was say ing because of how loudly your parents, in my situation, my dad, whisper? This isn’t a one-time thing for my family. Oh, and yes, I know they do this because they care about me and my safety, but I think I am the only near 18 year old who gets followed home if it is past 10:30†¦maybe 11:00. I am almost always embarrassed to tell my friends, â€Å"hey, go ahead and leave†¦ my parents want to follow me home.† Trust me, I have made up an excuse here and there before. It’s teenage life, man. I guess when I think about it all though, I cannot really talk. Telling my friends to â€Å"stop it little bop its,† as my mom would say, or calling them â€Å"baby bears† puts me in the same boat as her. Also, have you ever talked to a squirrel? I sure have. I wonder where that part of me came from. Oh, maybe my mom? I even squeal like my mom does when I get excited for something. Sure, excitement causes verbal breakouts, but I happen to emulate them, ac cidentally, just like my mom. I have definitely even been called â€Å"mom† before; on a daily basis, actually. Apparently I have a motherly nature to me. Weird, but I actually do not mind it. One day, I am sure I will be that parent who calls their child or has him or her text me or my husband just to let me know their every move. My brothers and sister do not have the clone trait I have. But honestly, I do not really mind. The things my mom does may be embarrassing, but funny; and she might be that motherly, soccer mom, number one fan kind of mom, but that’s her job. I just happen to be turning into her. I am sure one day when I have a child, he or she will be explaining this same story to his or her friends about how I do embarrassing things and act so motherly. I like being like my mom; I am her number one fan. Although I am becoming her, I do not think it is such a bad thing.

The Last Emperor essays

The Last Emperor essays The Last Emperor was a movie about Pu Yi, and how Pu Yi, who at the age of 3 comes to the Imperial Dragon Throne to become the Last Emperor of China. His whole life is spanned in this film, from his childhood, to his ultimate fate as an unskilled gardener in the streets of Beijing. The movie was directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. Bernardo Bertolucci was born on March 16, 1940 in Parma, Italy. He was born into a family of intelligent people. His father was a poet, anthologist, film critic and art history professor. Bertoluccis father even encouraged Bernardo when he was a child; he often brought Bernard to film screenings. When Bertolucci was fifteen he made two short films about children, and was also gaining popularity throughout Italy as a writer. His first book, In Search of Mystery, won the one of the top literary awards in Italy, the Premio Viareggio. At the University of Rome (1958-1961) Bertolucci began his film career as an assistant director to Pier Paolo Pasolini. But Bertol ucci left the University of Rome without graduating and started on an independent study of film. Bernardo Bertolucci's first feature film, The Grim Reaper was filmed on location in Rome in 1962. Before the Revolution, his second feature film, didnt do much better commercially than The Grim Reaper, but won him recognition at the Cannes Film Festival in 1964. For the next five years Bertolucci was not able to raise money for another feature length film, but instead directed a number of documentaries and helped director Julian Beck with some of his productions. His next film, The Spider's Strategem, was said to be an improvement over his first two feature films, but it was not until the release of The Conformist in 1970 that Bertolucci's directorial excellence became known. The film deals with Fascist Italy under Mussolini. Two years later Bertolucci directed The Last Tango in Paris, an erotic film starring Marlon ...

Isotopes Definition and Examples in Chemistry

Isotopes Definition and Examples in Chemistry Isotopes [ahy-suh-tohps]  are atoms with the same number of protons, but differing numbers of neutrons. In other words, the have different atomic weights. Isotopes are different forms of a single element. Key Takeaways: Isotopes Isotopes are samples of an element with different numbers of neutrons in their atoms.The number of protons for different isotopes of an element does not change.Not all isotopes are radioactive. Stable isotopes either never decay or else decay very slowly. Radioactive isotopes undergo decay.When an isotope decays, the starting material is the parent isotope. The resulting material is the daughter isotope. There are 275 isotopes of the 81 stable elements. There are over 800 radioactive isotopes, some of which are natural and some synthetic. Every element on the periodic table has multiple isotope forms. The chemical properties of isotopes of a single element tend to be nearly identical. The exception would be the isotopes of hydrogen  since the number of neutrons has such a significant effect on the size of the hydrogen nucleus. The physical properties of isotopes are different from each other since these properties often depend on mass. This difference may be used to separate isotopes of an element from each other by using fractional distillation and diffusion. With the exception of hydrogen, the most abundant isotopes of the natural elements have the same number of protons and neutrons. The most abundant form of hydrogen is protium, which has one proton and no neutrons. Isotope Notation There are a couple of common ways to indicate isotopes: List the mass number of an element after its name or element symbol. For example, an isotope with 6 protons and 6 neutrons is carbon-12 or C-12. An isotope with 6 protons and 7 neutrons is carbon-13 or C-16. Note the mass number of two isotopes may be the same, even though they are different elements. For example, you could have carbon-14 and nitrogen-14.The mass number may be given in the upper left side of an element symbol. (Technically the mass number and atomic number should be stacked in line with each other, but they dont always line up on a computer.) For example, the isotopes of hydrogen may be written:11H,  21H,  31H Isotope Examples Carbon 12 and Carbon 14 are both isotopes of carbon, one with 6 neutrons and one with 8 neutrons (both with 6 protons). Carbon-12 is a stable isotope, while carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope (radioisotope). Uranium-235 and uranium-238 occur naturally in the Earths crust. Both have long half-lives. Uranium-234 forms as a decay product. Related Words Isotope (noun), Isotopic (adjective), Isotopically (adverb), Isotopy (noun) Isotope Word Origin and History The term isotope was introduced by the British chemist Frederick Soddy in 1913, as recommended by Margaret Todd. The word means having the same place from the Greek words isos equal (iso-) topos place. Isotopes occupy the same place on the periodic table even though isotopes of an element have different atomic weights. Parent and Daughter Isotopes When radioisotopes undergo radioactive decay, the initial isotope may be different from the resulting isotope. The initial isotope is called the parent isotope, while the atoms produced by the reaction are called daughter isotopes. More than one type of daughter isotope may result. As an example, when  U-238 decays into Th-234, the uranium atom is the parent isotopes, while the thorium atom is the daughter isotope. A Note About Stable Radioactive Isotopes Most stable isotopes dont undergo radioactive decay, but a few do. If an isotope undergoes radioactive decay very, very slowly, it may be termed stable. An example is bismuth-209. Bismuth-209 is a stable radioactive isotope that undergoes alpha-decay, but has a half-life of 1.9 x 1019 years (which is more than a billion times longer than the estimated age of the universe). Tellurium-128 undergoes beta-decay with a half-life estimated to be 7.7 x 1024 years! Historical References Alexander Thomas Cameron,  Radiochemistry  (London, England: J. M. Dent Sons, 1910), p. 141. Soddy, Frederick. Intra-atomic charge. Nature 92, Springer Nature Publishing AG, 1913.. Strà ¶mholm, Daniel and Svedberg, Theodor (1909) Untersuchungen à ¼ber die Chemie der radioactiven Grundstoffe II. (Investigations into the chemistry of the radioactive elements, part 2),  Zeitschrift fà ¼r anorganischen Chemie,  63: 197–206. Thomson, J. J. (1912). XIX. Further experiments on positive rays.  Philosophical Magazine. Series 6.  24  (140): 209.

Faith and Vocation-Child and Family Services Coursework

Faith and Vocation-Child and Family Services - Coursework Example I have a strong vocation for child and family services because this field offers the most opportunity for integration of faith. Following discussion seeks to illuminate the reality of this claim that â€Å"developing a strong bond between faith and vocation can help one give a definite spiritual meaning to professions like child and family services.† Fea (2010) claims that people are obligated to use whatever knowledge they have in promoting common good according to how it is stipulated in the Bible. According to Hughes & Hughes (2005), it is our duty as Christians to use our skills in a manner that reflects the position we are given by God. Christians believe that God is very pleased when He sees His people using their skills in accordance with the Holy Scriptures. In Matthew 5: 44, Jesus announces the desire of God saying, â€Å"Love your enemies, bless them that curse you† (cited in Scheele, 2006, p. 131). Therefore, it is a religious obligation of children and family service providers to remain professional under all circumstances and help their clients despite their inadequacies. We are not sent by our Lord to greedily advance our personal interests while eschewing the welfare of humanity. It is due to the fact that we have stopped seeing faith and vocation as two entities inextricably linked to one another that such despair and anguish has taken the place of peace in our lives. Remembering the teachings of Jesus Christ when interacting with disadvantaged children and families is bound to motivate us to give our best to those in need because of this influential message in our minds that we have to die one day and answer God. It is important to enumerate just how faith can be expressed by a professional within the field of children and family services. For example, a child of divorced parents can be assisted by a certified specialist in dealing with pressures of daily life by encouraging his/her faith. Every time a disadvantaged child is brought by children

Rights of police officers and the development of police unions Essay

Rights of police officers and the development of police unions - Essay Example Non unionized police officers also cannot negotiate the details of their contracts at a collective level, which is also a challenge for non unionized law enforcement agencies. Absence of union from agencies is also not good for authorities and management. When there are unions, management has an opportunity to negotiate with leaders of the union in order to solve any problem. Absence of unions might lead to organizational issues and uncertainty, which will be very difficult to resolve. This is why presence of unions is also important for management as they know people with which they can talk and negotiate in case of any grievance of employees. Police departments that have union protection are much better off than police departments without union protection. Unions are good for both employees and management. Employees can raise their voice against any injustice as they have a clear platform do so. Unions also give management and authorities a chance to resolve issues amicably without disrupting normal activities of the police department. Law enforcement agencies have an important function in the society and, therefore, employee dissatisfaction and grievance can have negative consequences for the whole society. This is why unionized police department are better off than non unionized police

Mutant and Wild-type Yeast Strains via Mitochondria Proteins

Mutant and Wild-type Yeast Strains via Mitochondria Proteins Differentiating between mutant and wild-type yeast strains via mitochondria proteins    By: Jason Hoang Lab Partner: Daryan Chan Introduction Yeasts are important organisms due to their uses in everyday such as baking, making fermented foods and alcohol production (Steensels et al, 2014). Yeasts have been so widely studied that it was one of the first organisms to have its genome sequenced (Goffeau et al, 1996). Thus, Yeasts are more than capable of acting as a model organism for eukaryotes (Botstein et al, 2011). For this experiment we are working with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mitochondria is the powerhouse for cell, as it is the major production site of ATP for the cell. The inner mitochondrial space has an electrochemical gradient, from which ATP is generated by using 5 protein complexes create an electrochemical gradient to assist in ATP production (Alberts et al., 2015). The COX6 assembly accepts electrons from cytochrome c and uses oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor to make water (Alberts et al., 2015). ATP synthase then uses the resulting proton gradient made by those complexes to pump protons back into the mitochondria matrix and make ATP (Alberts et al., 2015). The objective of this experiment was to determine if a given yeast sample was a wild type or a mutant with no COX6 activity. One of the major techniques to be used in this lab is subcellular fractionation. This technique first lyses the cells and then uses centrifugal forces to separate particles by size (Alberts et al., 2015). The centrifugal forces results in the denser particles moving away from axis of rotation creating a pellet which contains the heavier particles and a supernatant which contains lighter particles (Alberts et al., 2015). Another major technique used was Gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is used so that a fraction with multiple proteins can be separated based on size and shape (Alberts et al., 2015). Protein fractions are loaded on to wells in the gel and an electrode is attached (Alberts et al., 2015). SDS page is popularly used because it can confer a negative charge and linearize proteins being run through the gel (Alberts et al., 2015). The proteins will run through the gel due to their negative charge (Alberts et al., 2015). A standard is used to provide a reference to determine the sizes of the sampl proteins (Alberts et al., 2015). One of the other major techniques used in this lab was western blotting. After proteins are run on electrophoresis a labelled antibody is exposed to the electrophoresed fractions in a process called immunoblotting in order to detect presence of a specific protein (Alberts et al., 2015). The gel is exposed to a membrane where a current is run to dive the proteins onto the membrane (Alberts et al., 2015). The membrane is then drenched in labelled antibodies to detect for a specific protein (Alberts et al., 2015). This process can detect very small amount of specific protein and is useful for detecting changes of concentration of a specific protein in a cell under various conditions (Alberts et al., 2015). To measure cytochrome oxidase activity in this lab, we looked towards Beers Law which states that the ability of a solution to absorb light at a single wavelength is proportional to the concentration of solute in solution (Lukofsky et al, 2009). This show that absorbance and concentration are linearly related. Therefore, this would allow us to determine the rate of cytochrome oxidase activity in a sample. Materials and Methods Experiment was performed according to protocols set by Department if Biology, Winter 2016, Biology 331 for Experiment 1: Subcellular fractionation of yeast cells, pg 2-8, Experiment 2: Yeast growth curve; light microscopy; protein determination, pg 1-4, Experiment 3: Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, pg 1-8, Experiment 4: Development of Western Blot; COX Activity Assay, pg 3-10, written by Dr. Dragana Miskovic where the experiment was performed with no deviations unless specifically noted (Miskovic, 2017) The only deviation occurred in experiment 2 where we had ran out of BSA STD and had to borrow from another group. The borrowed BSA STD was not tested to have exact concentration as specific in lab protocol and may have had different concentration. Results Experiment 1 Yeast Strain Sample: A2 Table 1. Masses recorded for Lysing Yeast Cells Section Items Mass (g) Mass of Centrifuge Bottle containing Yeast 159.2 Mass of Empty Centrifuge with Pellet 49.89 Mass of Pellet 3.23 Amount of STE solution needed to resuspend yeast pellet: 3.23g x 2= 6.46mL Table 2. Volumes recorded for the Aliquoting Yeast Subcellular Fractions Section Solutions Total Volume LPS 3mL + 3.7mL= 6.7mL HSS 3mL + 2.8mL= 5.8mL MITO 300ÃŽÂ ¼L + 300ÃŽÂ ¼L= 600ÃŽÂ ¼L It was also noted that after the MITO fraction was made the pellet was intact and not messy Figure 1: Drawings of 50/100/200 ÃŽÂ ¼L dye drops from pipetman and expected 1 mL dye drop Experiment 2 Part A Table 3. Concentration of Yeast Cell at Two Different Times Time OD600 Reading Concentration (cells/ mL) 2:47pm 0.021A 210,000 4:59pm 0.043 A 430,000 It has been determined that an OD600 value of 1.0 is thought to contain roughly 1 x 107 cells/ mL. An OD600 value of 0.021 A will contain a concentration of 210 000 cells/ mL. An OD600 value of 0.043 A will contain a concentration of 430 000 cells/ mL. Figure 2. This graph shows the change in absorbance of yeast culture at 0 and 120 minutes. Equation to represent growth is calculated and shown above. Calculating Doubling time Formula for growth of yeast is y=0.0002x + 0.021. given initial absorbance reading of 0.021, doubled concentration should give reading of 0.042. Therefore use y= 0.042, where x means time in minutes 0.042=0.0002x + 0.021 where x = 105. Therefore it was found that doubling time is 105 minutes. Part B Yeast cells dyed with methylene blue stain Figure 3. These are some of the cell types that were observed when the overnight culture was stained with methylene blue under 40x magnification. It was found that roughly a third had a stained positive for a nucleus. None of the cells appear to be multi-nucleate. No vacuoles were observe either Yeast cells dyed with neutral red Figure 4. These are some of the cell types that were observed when the overnight culture was stained with neutral red under 40x magnification It was found that over 90% of the cells stained positive for a nucleus. Many of the cells appeared to be multi-nucleate and budding as well. It appeared that 1 or 2 vacuoles appeared to be detected per cell. Part C Table 3. Absorbance Results for the BioRad Protein Determination Assay 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A 0.27 0.191 0.21 0.201 0.196 0.37 0.397 0.404 0.369 0.036 B 0.246 0.24 0.303 0.192 0.226 0.245 0.272 0.372 0.252 0.035 C 0.23 0.263 0.248 0.294 0.037 0.036 0.036 0.036 0.036 0.036 D 0.256 0.227 0.25 0.277 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.034 E 0.246 0.182 0.242 0.215 0.474 0.362 0.306 0.389 0.482 0.035 F 0.289 0.349 0.285 0.246 0.299 0.264 0.347 0.738 0.203 0.036 G 0.203 0.254 0.321 0.249 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.037 0.035 0.036 H 0.2 0.261 0.263 0.274 0.034 0.034 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.034 11 12 A 0.036 0.037 B 0.035 0.035 C 0.037 0.038 D 0.035 0.044 E 0.036 0.035 F 0.035 0.035 G 0.035 0.035 H 0.035 0.034 Figure 4. This graph shows absorbance readings of standard solution using BSA at different concentrations. Calculating concentrations of LSP, HSS, and Mito. Equation for concentration of solution based on absorbance reading was determined based on above graph. Equation yielded was y=0.1264x + 0.2159 Average absorbance readings: LSP was 0.245, HSS was 0.249, and MITO 0.289. Using found readings as y for above equation we calculated concentration of proteins in each sample. LSP: 0.245 = 0.1264x + 0.2159Therefore x = 0.230 mg/mL HSS: 0.249 = 0.1264x + 0.2159Therefore x = 0.262 mg/mL MITO: 0.289 = 0.1264x + 0.2159Therefore x = 0.551 mg/mL Dilution factor needed to get fraction to 2ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL LSP: (0.230 mg/mL)(0.1mL)=> (0.0230 mL)(1/x mL)(10 dilution factor) = 2mg/mLTherefore x= 0.115 mL HSS: (0.262 mg/mL)(0.1mL)=> (0.0262ÃŽÂ ¼g)(1/x mL) (10 dilution factor) = 2mg/ mL Therefore x= 0.131 mL MITO: (0.551 mg/mL)(0.1mL)=> (0.0551ÃŽÂ ¼g)(1/x mL) (10 dilution factor) = 2mg/ mLTherefore x = 0.2755 mL Experiment 3 Figure 5. PVDF Membrane after proteins are transferred over from gel after electrophoresis. Our group is left side (D.C, J.H) Experiment 4 Figure 6. Membrane after detecting solution had been added over 10 minutes ago. Bands on right hand side are the standard Figure 7. This graph shows the distance travelled by each protein in the standard mix against the Log(Mw) on semi log paper Table 4. Cytochrome c Oxidase (COX) Activity Assay Sample Absorbance At 0 sec (OD) Absorbance after 20 sec (OD) Change in absorbance Change in Concentration (ÃŽÂ ¼mol/mL) COX activity (ÃŽÂ ¼mol/ L/min) Blank 0.525 0.525 0 0 0 LSP (1) 1.259 1.253 0.006 0.2143 0.6429 LSP (2) 1.272 1.264 0.008 0.2857 0.8571 HSS (1) 0.493 0.491 0.002 0.0714 0.2143 HSS (2) 0.496 0.491 0.005 0.1786 0.5257 MITO (1) 0.553 0.557 -0.004 -0.1429 -0.4286 MITO (2) 0.537 0.535 0.002 0.0714 0.2143 Table 4. This shows the Sample calculation for COX activity Change in absorbance = Absorbance at 0 sec Absorbance after 20 sec 1.259-1.253 = 0.006 Change in concentration ΆA = ÃŽÂ µ x b x Άc 0.006 = 28mM-1-cm-1 x 1 cm x ΆcTherefore Άc = 0.0002143 mM => 0.2143 ÃŽÂ ¼molAssuming volume of assay is 1.0 mL, change in concentration is 0.2143 ÃŽÂ ¼mol/mL COX activity COX activity = change in concentration / time 0.2143 ÃŽÂ ¼mol/mL / (1/3 min) = 0.6429 ÃŽÂ ¼mol/mL/min Figure 8. Graphical representation of COX activity in LSP fractions Figure 9. Graphical representation of COX activity in HSS fractions Figure 10. Graphical representation of COX activity in MITO fractions Discussion Galactose was used over glucose as a carbon source for our yeast cells. This is because we wanted to determine if the mitochondria was functional in our yeast cells. Different yeast strains will use different metabolic pathways in presences of each. When glucose is used as a carbon source the yeast cells will generate ATP via fermentation, whereas when Galactose is used the cell will perform oxidation. This is important to observe as different yeast strains will have varying levels of cytochrome c usage based on that. To visually determine if cytochrome c will be utilized by the cell we can look at the fractionation experiment earlier. When separating for the MITO fraction if one had found a messy pellet it would have indicated that the mitochondria was not intact while solid pellets would indicate the mitochondria was intact. If one did find a messy pellet it could have been the result of differences in fractionation techniques, cells being lysed prior, or something had disturbed the cell in transport. For our experiment we had found the mitochondria to be intact, which is a strong indicator that the mitochondria for our sample was present. To reach cytochrome c oxidase (COX) we used diferential centrifugation which seperates objects based on size and density, where larger molecules such as the intact cells will settle at the bottom of a tube while mitochondria which is smaller would remain in supernatant. This is also why we had separate centrifugations, to get samples with intact cells and samples with intact mitochondria. Density gradient centrifugation is also a widley used technique that seperates based on density. In that case we would see multiple bands form in tubes with densest molecules gathering at the bottom and bands above it with less dense molecules. Experimentally we found yeast doubling time to be 105 minutes (1.75 hours) when inoculated in YPD (1% yeast extract, 1% peptone, 2% glucose). It has been determined in many other experiments that Saccharomyces cerivisiae has a doubling time of 1.69 hours (Deak, 2008). The difference could be attributed to many factors such as environment (amount of light, heat, and etc) and growth substrates used. But the difference is not very large and would still be considered to conform to literature results. During the methylene blue staining of yeast cells it was noted that roughly a third of yeast cells contained a nucleus but it did not seem to be multi nucleate. While the neutral red stains showed that many cells appeared to be budding with one or 2 vacuoles present per yeast cell. These findings fall in line with what is normally expected from yeast cells as they do have vacuoles in their cells (Armstrong, 2010). Furthermore results also fall in line with yeasts having nucleuses but not being multi nucleated (Roberts and Ganesan 1959) One thing that may have affected a major portion of the experiment was determining the concentration of each respective LSP, HSS, and MITO fraction and diluting it to 2mg/mL. it is important to note that during pipetting steps to get each sample that the suspensions be homogenous beforehand otherwise you may be taking up different components of the fraction and missing others depending on how deep the pipet was inserted. During the remainder of the experiment it was found that after gel transfer to PVDF membrane and during western blotting that very few to no proteins were showing up. If low concentration of protein was a factor then it would most likely be traced back to this step. Many reasons can be attributed to this for instance, poor pipetting technique, the fractions were not homogenized properly before pipetting or even the dilution factor could have been incorrect. As noted during the material and methods during the preparation of experimental samples which would to create o ur protein concentration standard curve we had run out of BSA STD and required taking some from another group. When we created our protein concentration standard curve it came out completely odd, having unexpected drops in absorbance readings. The expected result was a linear curve where a higher BSA STD concentration would have led to a higher absorbance readings. Due to the change in BSA STD this may have had a different concentration due to being taken from a different location in its container it could have had a different concentration. Thus causing inconsistencies for our standard curve. As the standard curve was deemed incorrect afterwards any protein concentration calculations based on it would have been flawed, leading to incorrect dilutions. If the dilutions been calculated incorrectly, as they most likely were, there is the chance that the protein fractions would have been over diluted leading to not enough protein to be present for visible bands for the gel electrophores is and western blotting. For the gel electrophoresis SDS was included in solubilisation buffer to give proteins inserted into the wells a negative charge so that when a charge was applied they would run to the other end of the gel and to help unfold the protein so that it would be able to go through the gel. For this experiment a 12% gel was used in the interest of saving time because a 15% gel would have caused the proteins to go through it slower leading to a lower resolution of identifiable protein bands. The purpose of transferring proteins from gel to PVDF membrane was to be able to visualize the movement of proteins on the gel after electrophoresis. To accomplish this we applied Ponceau stain to the membrane to increase the resolution of the bands and to ensure equal amounts of proteins are loaded onto the gel (Al-Amoudi et al., 2013). It was found that after proteins had been transferred to PVDF membrane that we had very few bands show up for the solubilizing buffer lane, both LSP sample lanes, and both HSS sample lanes. Bands did appear for both MITO samples, however, it appears that got smeared across the gel, bleeding over to other wells. This could have been the result of diluting samples in the wells for reasons noted above, the SDS gel would have been poorly constructed and contributed to the smearing, and poor electrode contact on the gel might have blocked the gel from having proper electrical charge. Issues could have also arisen during transfer of proteins from gel to me mbrane. Air bubbles could have been present during transfer which would have prevented any protein from being transferred as proteins cannot move through air. Additionally, poor folding between membrane and the gel could have attributed to smearing of MITO samples. The purpose of the western blotting was to be able specifically detect for the presence of biotinylated COX proteins. In order for a cell to express a biotinylated protein it needs to be able to take up foreign DNA, be able to properly fold COX-biotin fusion protein, the cell needs to be able to recognize the BSS signal fused to C terminus, and be able to translate COX and biotin together (moving stop codon so that it doesnt not stop halfway across the other.) It was found that after western blotting our membrane with protein fractions that no bands had appeared even after 10 minutes of membrane being in contact with detecting solution. This led to Figure 7. The chart showcasing the relative distances that proteins have travelled is blank as a result. This would imply that when the blocking solution was added that it managed to block the entire membrane (and any present proteins included) from interacting with the probe. However Tween-20 was used to wash excess reagent. So the milk most likely would not have been able to bind to any protein after introduction of Tween-20. Therefore the lack of data could be attributed to low concentrations of protein on membrane for reasons as noted above. Referring to Figure 5 the only proteins that were found on the membrane after were MITO which shows that there would have been no LSP or HSS for probe to bind to, whereas for present MITO sample the concentration may not have been high enough and as a re sult some of it could have been washed out by the methanol step causing concentration of MITO to be so low that it could have been blocked by the blocking solution. There is also a possibility that our yeast samples were not able to biotinylate the COX protein at all which could explain why there were no bands occurring Looking at COX activity graphs for LSP, HSS, and MITO they seem to follow what is expected except for HSS. COX was used as an identifying marker for identifying subcellular fractions containing COX because it is an integral membrane protein for the inner membrane space. If COX activity is present then that would indicate that the mitochondria is intact and functioning. These samples should have seen increased COX activity as cytochrome c was introduced into the fractions which provide electrons to the COX protein allowing it to pump proteins and reduce oxygen to water. Both MITO and LSP experienced increased COX activity as shown by figure 8 and 10 respectively. This falls in line with what was expected with the MITO fractions experiencing higher levels of COX activity then the rest as the cytochrome c had less of a distance to travel to reach inner mitochondrial membrane space than LSP. LSP should have a signal because it would contain intact yeast cells which have mitochondria Albe rts et al., 2015). Therefore LSPs rate of COX activity should be lower because the cytochrome c would have harder time reaching mitochondria. This is shown by Figure 10 having steeper reaction times than Figure 8 and 9. This reaction utilized Deoxycholate (DOC) to speed up the reaction which is why it was only done in 20 second intervals as DOC solubilizes with cytochrome c so that it can enter the mitochondria to interact with COX. If reactions were tested too long after DOC was added then the reaction would have finished before being able to measure absorbance. The one that did stand out was the HSS fraction which appeared to experience negative COX activity or none at all. This was expected as it should have all the remaining parts of the cell that werent the mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes Alberts et al., 2015). This would indicate that these samples did not have an intact mitochondria with a COX protein to interact with cytochrome c. this could be explained by the In conclusion it was found that our yeast strain A2 is the wild type strain. This is because during initial centrifugation the resulting pellet was solid indicating intact mitochondria. Furthermore during COX assay the MITO strain indicated an active COX as shown by its increase in activity, proving that A2 was in fact a wild type strain with functioning mitochondria. References Al-Amoudi, M.S., Salman, M., Al-Majthoub, M.M., Adam,Abdel Majid A., Alshanbari, Naif A., Refat, Moamen S., (2013) Res Chem Intermed 41: 3089. doi:10.1007/s11164-013-1417-4 Alberts, B. et al. (2015). Molecular Biology of the Cell Sixth Edition. New York, NY: Garland  Science, Taylor Francis Group. Armstrong, John. Yeast vacuoles: more than a model lysosome. Trends in Cell Biology 20.10 (2010): 580-85. Web. 13 Mar. 2017. Botstein, D., Chervitz, S. A., Cherry, J. M. (1997, August 29). Yeast as a Model Organism. Retrieved March 12, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3039837/ Deak, Tibor. Handbook of Food Spoilage Yeasts, Second Edition. Contemporary Food Science (2007): 50-51. Web. 13 Mar. 2017. Glerum, Moira Miskovic, Dragana (2017). Biology 331 Advanced Cell Biology Laboratory Manual Winter 2016. Biology Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo. Goffeau A, Barrell BG, Bussey H, Davis RW, Dujon B, Feldmann H, Galibert F, Hoheisel JD,  Jacq C, Johnston M, Louis EJ, Mewes HW, Murakami Y, Philippsen P, Tettelin H, Oliver SG  (1996) Life with 6000 genes. Science 274, 546 Lukofsky, David, Jonathan Bessette, Heejeong Jeong, Elsa Garmire, and Ulf ÃÆ'-sterberg. Can precursors improve the transmission of energy at optical frequencies? Journal of Modern Optics 56.9 (2009): 1083-090. Web. 13 Mar. 2017. Roberts, C., and A. T. Ganesan. The occurrence of multinucleate giant cells in yeasts. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 25.1 (1959): 97-107. Web. 13 Mar. 2017. Steensels, Jan, Tim Snoek, Esther Meersman, Martina Picca Nicolino, Karin Voordeckers, and Kevin J. Verstrepen. Improving industrial yeast strains: exploiting natural and artificial diversity. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 38.5 (2014): 947-95. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.

Report on Adidas PEST and SWOT Essay

In this report I have tried to sketch a complete organizational picture of the adidas company. This include of current position of the company and its market share though out the world. To explain it the company’s SOWT and PEST analysis is briefly elaborated. A contrast of the Adidas with its competitors is added and the internal structure of the company is tried to shown in graphical snaps. The future strategies of the company are also listed that what kind of strategies formulated for adidas by their top managers. 2. Addias: Adidas is a sportswear manufacturing company that was started by Adolf Dassler. Adidas group has several brands including Adidas, Reebok, Taylor Made-Adidas and the Rockport. The company has spread its wing to incorporate other productions including handbags, shirts, spectacles, watches, balls, and sportswear. It is the largest company that sells footwear in the European market and has gained a significant market share at the global platform. Adidas has had a remarkable sale and has risen to the competition at the global scale with other international footwear companies. McDonald & Milne, (1999) state it in their journal. 2.1 Mission and vision of adidas: As the company is leading the global business of manufacturing and distribution of sports wear and accessories primarily to improve the sportsmen lifestyle. Adidas Group focuses on the objectives and puts total commitment towards strengthening the brand names. That’s why the mission and vision statement of the company is defined according to global context. Lussier & Kimball (2009) have both shown it in their work. 2.1.1 The Mission statement: â€Å"Our mission is to become the best sports brand in the world. To that end, we will never equate quantity with quality. Our founder Adi Dassler was passionate about sports. For Adidas, the athlete came first. He gave those on the field, the court and the track the unexpected and the little differences that made them more comfortable and improved performance. This is our legacy. This is what the brand stands for. This will never change.† 2.1.2 The Vision Statement: â€Å"To make adidas, products as high as sky and as wise as an owl† 2.2 The Functional over view of the company: The company operates in different segments under the executive brand name across the globe. These segments include retail and wholesale. The wholesale segment plays the leading role in the distribution of products from both Adidas and Reebok centers to all retail stores across the globe. On the other hand, the retailers are solely responsible of meeting with the demand of customers at the retail shops across the global market. Plunkett, ( 2008) explain it in his research. The Current Brand Division of Adidas Group: 2.3 The Strategy of Adidias Group: The adidas Group strives to be the global leader in the sportswear industry with brands built upon a passion for sports and a sporting lifestyle. We know that a profound understanding of the consumer and customer is essential to achieving this goal. To anticipate and respond to their needs, they continuously strive to create a culture of innovation, challenging there selves to break with convention and embrace change. By harnessing this culture, they push the boundaries of products, services and processes to strengthen their competitiveness and maximize the Group’s operational and financial performance. This, in turn, will drive long-term value creation for their shareholders. 3. The SWOT Analysis: Following is the brief SWOT analysis of the company in global context. 3.1 Strengths: Adidas is the world’s second largest maker of athletic footwear, apparel and equipment by Sales with revenues of $15,333.30 million Adidas group’s leading market position is built on its portfolio of strong brands, which enhances adidas market position and boosts its top line. Adidas’ portion of own retail has grown substantially giving adidas more brand control. Adidas operates over 2,200 stores for the adidas and Reebok brands worldwide. Adidas own†retail business includes: – e†commerce, – Mono branded stores run by retail partners, – Shop in shops established with key accounts, – Joint ventures with retail partners, – Co branded stores with sports organizations or other brands. 3.2 Weaknesses: China negatively impacted by clearance of high excess inventories following the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games which subdued consumer demand in 2009. Adidas outsources 95% of production to independent third†party suppliers in Asia, including 32% from China. Merchandise procured from foreign manufacturers is a weakness because it gives adidas less control over the product quality. †¢ Concerns over unsafe Chinese consumer products †¢ The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) has issued alerts and announced voluntary recalls by US companies on numerous products made in China. Vendor and manufacturer failures to achieve and maintain high manufacturing standards could result in manufacturing errors resulting in: †¢ Product recalls or withdrawals, †¢ Delays or interruptions of production, †¢ Cost overruns 3.3 Opportunities: Adidas has sponsorship agreements for major sports events across the globe †¢ Japan Football Association until March 2015 †¢ Australian Olympic Committee until 2016 †¢ Secured sponsorship rights to the 2014 FIFA World Cup Extended its partnership with: †¢ UEFA for the UEFA EURO 2012 †¢ UEFA EURO 2016 football championships †¢ UEFA Champions League Signed an 11†year global merchandising partnership agreement with the NBA †¢ Makes adidas the official uniform and apparel provider for the NBA, WNBA and the NBA Development League Official Sportswear Partner to 2012 Olympics in London. Sponsorship of major sports events helps the company strengthen its profitability and enhance its brand recall among consumers. 3.4 Threats: Widespread counterfeits deprive revenues for the company and can dilute the adidas brand image. The market for sports apparel and footwear has declined in 2009. †¢ Athletic footwear declined 3.2% in 2008 & 1.4% in 2009 †¢ Decline due to 3% decline in men’s footwear segment †¢ Active apparel declined by 4% †¢ Sports use apparel decreased by 5.5% in 2009. Lussier, R. N , & Kimball, D. C. (2009) explain it in their analysis report . 4. The PEST analysis: The external impact of adidas to worldwide is explained here. 4.1 Political: Adidas generates policies and monitor hazardous substance to protect human health and environment and also it protects the rights of its employees by following labor laws on country specific way. Adidas a multinational company need to consider the global political state as well as domestic political issues. It is important to monitor the government’s laws which affect the business of adidas. Since the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation of public and private sector businesses, and the spending power of consumers and other businesses it has come necessary for adidas react dynamically and efficiency for these issues. The government enters in to any trade agreements adidas needs to keep it on track since it may affect the business. Government taxation policy plays a major role in company’s profit that’s why the efficient management of the adidas is always emphasizing on it. 4.2 Economical: Adidas as a multinational company maintain its strong economical growth year by year. In 2008, the adidas Group again delivered a strong financial performance. The product sales and the profitability gowned up in line with management’s initial expectations. Currency-neutral sales increased by 9%. And the double digits sales increase in adidas segment had the biggest impact on this development. Adidas managed to reduce its production cost with improving the product quality by locating the factory plants in Asia. 4.3 Social: There are no barriers for Adidas products like raise, age, religion, and lifestyle, it is always in fashion with special design in any product. Adidas focus in people who like sports and athletes, almost everybody beyond the boundaries. 4.4 Technological: Adidas introduces modern approaches to doing new and old things, Adidas join into technology by make up the world’s first â€Å"smart shoe†, adding a microchip inside the shoe and wireless mp3 player. Adidas uses hot melt system of production which is environment friendly. 5. Conclusion: The sportswear industry has developed into being more than just selling sportswear- and equipment. Due to heavy competition, organisations need to differentiate themselves and focus on both product attributes and brand values when creating brand strategies. Therefore, we can finally conclude that adidas brand themselves through personality traits and value propositions. However, the self-expressive, emotional, and functional benefits of the brands are somewhat diverse as they brand themselves through different personalities and therefore have different brand strategies. 6. References: McDonald, M. A., & Milne, G. R. (1999). Cases in sport marketing. London: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Lussier, R. N., & Kimball, D. C. (2009). Applied sport management skills. London: Human Kinetics. (Plunkett Research Ltd & Plunkett,2008). group.com/en/pressroom/assets/Resource_Center/adidas_Group/pdfs/Factsheet_Herzogenaurach_en.pdf Lussier, R. N., & Kimball, D. C. (2009). Applied sport management skills. London: Human Kinetics.

Comic Art The Seduction of the Innocent Essay - 3314 Words

Comic Art: The Seduction of the Innocent In 1991, at the 13th Annual World Fantasy Convention, an issue of the comic book series The Sandman was selected by a panel of experts in the field as the Years Best Short Story. This was not the first time that a comic book has been nominated for a prestigious literary prize (the first and only previous one being Art Spiegelmans retelling of the Holocaust in animal fable form Maus for the National Book Critics Circle Award in 1987), but it was the first to have won. The ensuing uproar at the awards ceremony and the umbrage that many took at a mere comic book winning instead of a standard-print story resulted in the rules of the awards being changed. Henceforth, no comic book could be†¦show more content†¦But as Neil Gaiman, writer of The Sandman once remarked at being told that he did not write comic books, he wrote graphic novels, that it was like someone being informed that she wasnt actually a hooker; that in fact she was a lady of the evening (Bender, 4). This person, t he editor of the literary review pages of a major newspaper, had obviously heard positive things about Sandman; but he was so stuck on the idea that comics are juvenile he couldnt deal with something good being done as a comic book. He needed to put Sandman in a box to make it respectable (Bender, 4). What makes comics different from the respectable fields of literature or fine art? Comics rely on a combination of words and pictures to bring across a message, to tell a story. To even use the medium is an exercise in creativity itself. 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